The Climate Crisis and the Fundamentals of Carbon Accounting
• What is the Climate Crisis?
- Sources of Greenhouse gas emissions(carbon, methane, etc.)
- Beyond global warming
1. Air pollution and fossil fuels
2. Biodiversity Loss
3. Ocean Acidification
• What is Carbon Accounting?
- Origins of carbon accounting and the UNFCC
- Basic concepts and principles
- Carbon footprints versus embodied carbon
- Choosing the right method for your needs
Carbon Accounting Standards and Protocols
• The Greenhouse Gas Protocol (2001) and ISO 14064 standards
• Scope of Emissions
- Scope 1: Direct emissions
- Scope 2: Indirect emissions from energy use
- Scope 3: Other indirect emissions
• The Carbon Disclosure Project: understanding reporting frameworks
• Horizon scanning: digitalization, AI and integration with financial reporting
Tools for Carbon Accounting in Corporate Contexts
- Carbon footprint calculators
- Enterprise carbon management software
- Lifecycle assessment modelling
- Advent of mobile apps and real-time monitoring
- Potential blockchain implementations
Avoiding Greenwashing: Reporting, Verification and Audits
- Challenges of data collection and management
- Reporting frameworks
1. Mandatory versus voluntary reporting
2. GHG inventory reports - Third-party verification and assurance
- Managing audit risks
Common Mitigation and Reduction Strategies
- Corporate sustainability practices
1. Energy efficiency and renewable energy supplies
2. Greener fleet management (e.g. use of EVs)
3. Sustainability policies around catering and travel
4. Process optimization and waste reduction in manufacturing
5. Avoiding carbon leakage
Carbon Trading
- Introduction to cap-and-trade
- Accessing regulated carbon markets
Carbon Offsets
- Voluntary carbon markets
- Brief overview of relevant standards
Sector-Specific Carbon Accounting: Challenges and Trends
- Manufacturing
- Transportation
- Agriculture
- Retail